discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia

The Geologic Processes: Endogenic and Exogenic Forces, 2.3. 2015). The minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale. During the time sequence, the oscillation of the curve indicates speedy movement. Trends are biased positive in the interior western US, so that strong RH decreases are changed to weak decreases, and weak decreases are changed to increases. How can we respond to the changing climate? To encompass the system, it needs an understanding of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITC), pressure cells, and Trade Winds. The possible reason may be monthly, sub-monthly time scale, temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature, which are determinant factors of production. Is it warming or cooling? The CHIRPS was developed by the Climate Hazards Group (CHG) at the University of California (Knapp et al. The annual rainfall distribution is also variable in time and space. It could also increase the probability of large fires in the northern and central US Rocky Mountains by 13 to 60 %. Bean, pea, chickpea and lentil production are particularly related to kiremit rains in all stages because these crops are sown in the second week of June. As presented in Table3, the Sen's slope estimator indicates an upward trend in four stations and a downward trend in three stations for annual rainfall. 2006; Rashid et al. Based on these observations, the rainfall pattern and distribution of the area could be classified as irregular and erratic distribution. This cereal crop shows stronger correlation with the kiremit rains. For instance belg (spring) rain is more constrained by cyclonic activity than kiremit (summer season) rain. Warning: file(roboty.txt): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/kmichalski/domains/mikatextiles.com/public_html/ustawienia/init.php on line 0 . Tmean, the mean annual temperature; Tmin, minimum annual temperature; Tmax, maximum annual temperature. Summary of annual and seasonal rainfall, coefficient of variation and PCI. Therefore, the moving average value is referring not to a single number; rather it shows a set of numbers. Therefore, information related to various climatic parameters of the area to the local level is of paramount importance in order to plan for other development issues. Abstract: Since China announced its goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2060, carbon neutrality has become a major target in the development of China's urban agglomerations. Extreme precipitation and streamflow events are expected to become more frequent. Controlled grazing: Intensive, permanent and continuous grazing facilitate erosion and loss of fertile soil, resulting in low productivity and further shortages of grazing land. It identifies regions that are experiencing particularly severe climate change impacts. Conversely, low temperatures are recorded fromNovember to February.It is not easy to observe distinct variation in temperature between seasons as the sun is alwayshigh in the tropics. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. The guidelines for interpretation are presented in Table1. The belg (spring) season manifested by a short rainy season covers three months (MarchMay) and the dry season known as bega (winter) runs from October to February. The High altitudesand the windward side experience such rainfall amount.ii. Spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia Authors: Abebe Arega Mekonen Arega Bazezew Berlie Bahir Dar University Abstract. 5.3.2. The Impacts of Relief on Biophysical and Socioeconomic Conditions, CHAPTER FOUR DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND WATER RESOURCE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 4.3. 2011; Funk et al. Simulations using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrology model indicate that a drier and warmer future will shift the location of snow line to higher elevations and reduce the number of days with precipitation falling as snow. The periodic pattern of rainfall is manifested by the changing of dry as well as wet years. Observed Data Rainfall and temperature data indicate the long-term change pattern or change in the data for a given temporal and spatial time scale. 2014). As a result, they cover different past and future time periods, and information is presented at different levels of regional aggregation. **10% level of significance. Awareness creation: The communities in the watershed are dependent on the natural climate, therefore the availability of climatic information is a precondition to enable them to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climatic variability. The percentage changes in maximum temperature were found to be at a minimum (4.00%) and maximum (37.60%) in the GIN and ENW stations respectively. In Ethiopia and elsewhere in the Horn,temperature shows seasonal variations. Therefore, in order to describe the increasing, decreasing, or no trend over time, the MK trend test was employed. Because of the rainfall-dependent farming practice, farmers are always worried about the duration and intensity of rainfall. Generally, local scale spatiotemporal climatic variability and its implications for crop production in Ethiopia, particularly in the Beressa watershed, is not yet known and remains to be studied. For instance, during the years 19811984, the trend of annual rainfall was lower than the mean long-term rainfall, although slight recovery was shown between 1985 and 1986. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Journal of Water, Sanitation & Hygiene for Development, Time series trend analysis of temperature and rainfall in lake Tana Sub-basin, Ethiopia, Potential impact of climate change on rainfed agriculture of a semi-arid basin in Jordan, Distribution of the serial correlation coefficient, Evaluation of indices for characterizing the distribution and concentration of precipitation: a case for the region of Southeastern Anatolia Project, Turkey, Evaluation of climate change impacts and adaptation measures for rice cultivation in Northeast Thailand, Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions, Rainfall variability and trends in semi-arid Botswana: implications for climate change adaptation policy, Analysis of climate trends in North Carolina (19491998), Detection of hydrologic trends and variability, Adaptation to climate change in Africa: challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia, Estimating the impact of climate change on agriculture in low-income countries: household level evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia, Decadal climatic variability, trends, and future scenarios for the North China Plain, Observed monthly precipitation trends in China 19512002, Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. When the tropical depression is observed in the SWIO, the daily rainfall is significantly decreased. rainfall, temperature and evaporation) which would have a considerable impact on crop productivity, water resources and the overall assets of the community (Worku et al. Air temperature estimation using remote sensing satellite provides a new way of conducting studies in the field of climate change study. Therefore, in order to know the yields, annual rainfall is less important for prediction. Other studies have focused on very limited stations and arrived at a conclusion regarding the characteristics of spatial climatic variability for entire regions (Gamachu 1988; Meze-Hausken 2004). Additionally, serial correlation was tested. In the study area, June is the sowing period for barley and wheat crops. Therefore, community-based soil and water conservation practices help the communities to diversify their livelihood activities. The Physiographic Divisions of Ethiopia, 3.3. 2005; Batisani & Yarnal 2010; Randell & Gray 2016). Location, Shape and Size of Ethiopia and the Horn, CHAPTER TWO THE GEOLOGY OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 2.2. This is particularly the case for the local community, whose economy is susceptible to variability and the erratic nature of rainfall and water shortage; recurrent drought is a common phenomenon. Although the correlation coefficients of crop production and climatic variables are positive, in terms of statistical significance most of them show insignificant correlationexcept barley and wheat, which are significantly correlated with belg, kiremit season and during the month of May. Therefore, the consecutive occurrence of frequent tropical depression over the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) overlapped with the recurrent drought of Ethiopia (1972 and 1984). Therefore, there is a need for community-based coping and adaptation strategies such as adopting soil, water conservation and water harvesting strategies; and increasing diversified crops, high value and market oriented crops, fast growing crops and climate resistant crops, which are less susceptible to future climatic variability. The location of Ethiopia at close proximity to equator, a zone of maximum insolation,resulted for every part of the country to experience overhead sun twice a year. Mean annual temperature varies from over 30 0Cin the tropicallowlands to less than 100c at very high altitudes.The Bale Mountains are among highlands where lowest mean annual temperatures are recorded.The highest mean maximum temperature in the country is recorded in the Afar Depression.Moreover, lowlands of north-western, western and south-eastern Ethiopian experiences meanmaximum temperatures of more than 300C.Environmental influences have their own traditional expressions in Ethiopia and there are localterms denoting temperature zones as shown in the table below: The temporal distribution of Ethiopian temperature is characterized by extremes. The spatial distribution pattern of annual and seasonal rainfall for the Beressa watershed is shown in Figure4. The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. However, there is a slight temperature increase in summer. Discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in Ethiopia. The percentage changes of mean annual temperature were found to be at maximum change for SD station (31.30%) and at minimum change for DB station (7.60%). The spatial distribution of temperature in Ethiopia is primarily determined by altitude andlatitude. After visual identification of the outliers, each of the values was obtained using a normal ratio technique. Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of the Basin experienced declining trends on annual and seasonal timescales. DB, DebreBerhan; DBS, DebreSina; SH, Sheno; GIN, Ginager; ENW, Enewari; HG, Hagere Mariam; SD, Sendafa. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Notably, there is a significant increase in the maximum number of consecutive dry days and significant decreases in the number of days with at least 1 and 10 mm of precipitation. However, local farmers evaluate climatic variability in relation to their crop productivity. Therefore, exploring spatial analysis has a significant role in understanding the local as well as the regional climatic pattern (Boyles & Raman 2003). In administrative terms, it is located in Basona Worena District, in the North Showa zone of Amhara regional state (Figure1), situated 180 km northeast of the capital city, Addis Ababa. 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