frederick william the great elector quotes

With their cannons blazing, the Brandenburger cavalry smashed into the remnants of the disordered Swedish right and sent it fleeing into Fehrbellin. Frederick William was Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 until his death in 1688. Their purpose was to avoid the enemy, beat them to the town, and destroy the towns lone bridge, thus severing the Swedish retreat. The Romanovs brought about total enserfment of the people, while the military obligations on the nobility were relaxed considerably. Completely confused, the defenders were either killed or captured, and the town soon fell. The first English biography in more than fifty years, McKays study describes Frederick William as Naturally, neither Wrangel nor his younger brother Waldemar, who at times controlled the army because of the elders recurring case of gout, even considered meeting the request. 225-226). The Swedes would have to work hard simply to maintain their possessions, especially in Germany, where Pomerania and other territories served as an additional front against would-be aggressors. The Hohenzollerns had other lands that were geographically separated from Brandenburg. The Swedes own 38 cannons, only seven of which were operational, would be unable to assist in the assault. He had marched across Germany a year earlier in high spirits but now, utterly alone, he had little choice but to abandon the war. Within months of the treaty, he was searching for an excuse to break it. Settling into winter quarters at the end of 1674, the spirits of the Brandenburgers and their ruler were all but crushed. The great elector followed a policy of religious toleration, but as much by necessity as by principle. He was one of history's greatest conquerors. Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gstrow, Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia. When the elector finally petitioned the Dutch for aid, they agreed to dispatch their fleet to the Baltic to challenge the Swedes. Painting of his 1646 wedding ceremony by Johannes Mytens. On that date in 1675, the Prussians achieved the start of their proud military tradition. The Brandenburger victory at Fehrbellin came at the cost of only 500 men. The first English biography in more than fifty years, McKays study describes Frederick William as a product of his timean unusually tough and opportunistic ruler able to overcome the hostility of local nobles and surrounding nations. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia' Summer Reading: the Kaiserreich, 18711914; German Unification German-Speaking States Were Being Left Behind During the Industrial Revolution; East Prussia 2.0: Persistent Regions, Rising Nations; The Kingdom of Wurttenmerg and the Making of Germany, 1815-1871 Their children were as follows: On 13 June 1668 in Grningen, Frederick William married Sophie Dorothea of Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, daughter of Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg and Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg. Unlike the elector, Leopold was intimidated by French arms and had little interest in rescuing the beleaguered Dutch. As always First Class professional service throughout. Please try again. A learned man, he founded a university and established the Berlin library. By the reign of Frederick I, the title Elector had decreased in importance and status. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg To which House did Elector Frederick William belong? However, if victory could somehow be achieved, the prospects of increasing ones prestige and influence were tremendous. Shortly afterward, a combined Dutch-Danish fleet intercepted the Swedish navy and wrecked nearly three-quarters of it. (571) became Hapsburg emperor in 1711. 6731 Whittier Avenue, Suite C-100 McLean, VA 22101, Stay up to date with all of our latest news, For this plan to work out, Poland-Lithuania had to first conclude her war against the Ottoman Empire, which French diplomacy despite great efforts failed to achieve. When the Holy Roman Empire declared war on France (Reichskrieg), Brandenburg-Prussia again changed sides and joined the imperial forces. Quantity: 2 available. 2001. xiii + 286 pp. Louis, in turn, invaded Germany proper and became an even greater menace. Frederick the Great. On 7 December 1646 in The Hague, Frederick William entered into a marriage, proposed by Blumenthal as a partial solution to the Jlich-Berg question, with Luise Henriette of Nassau (16271667), daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange-Nassau and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and his 1st cousin once removed through William the Silent. Frederick William, along with his most trusted general, the Austrian Georg von Derfflinger, begged Bournonville to take action, but to no avail. Frederick the Great. "The words of an old hymn come to mind: But we make His love too narrow By false limits of our own; And we magnify His strictness With a zeal He will not own. He also simplified travel in Brandenburg and the Duchy of Prussia by connecting riverways with canals, a system that was expanded by later Prussian architects, such as Georg Steenke; the system is still in use today. When Frederick William succeeded his father, George William George William , as the elector of Brandenburg in 1640, he faced a host of challenges. Psychologically, however, the triumph belonged to Brandenburg, which earned the distinction of being the first minor German state in modern times to deal such a stunning blow to a major European power. Inner-Polish Catholic opposition to an intervention on the Protestant Hungarian rebels' side added to the resentments. Already the French were failing to deliver the promised subsidies, and when Montecuccoli returned to retake control of the Austrian army and actually went onto the offensive, the elector decided to resume his war with France. As in his previous campaign, Bournonville, despite being numerically superior to Turenne, refused to take the offensive. The Austrians signed for peace soon after. In the complex power struggles in Europe starting in 1661, he shifted allegiance by always joining with the weaker party, hoping to maintain the balance of power. He, like Frederick William, preferred to attack, but the emperor had tied his hands. Related Topics. Complete the following sentences by choosing the word that best fits the context, based on information you infer from the use of the italicized word. The timing for the war was ideal. Frederick William positioned his 13 light field guns atop the hill in preparation for an enemy counterattack. For the love of God is By combining Italian and Russian traditions into a unique, wildly colorful St. Petersburg style, Rastrelli built many palaces for the nobility and all the larger government buildings erected during Elizabeth's reign. However, it was not yet the European power it would become in the following century. Oblivious to the circumstances, the Swedish army concentrated solely on garrison duties and the brutal business of suppressing the numerous peasant uprisings in the area. He had married Louise Henrietta Louise Henrietta , princess of Orange and daughter of the Dutch stadtholder William of Orange (later King William III William III (king of England) ), partially for religious reasonsthe Dutch were Calvinistbut also to get Dutch support for his territorial claims to the small principalities of Julich-Berg. Since 1672, Louis had been paying the Swedes to maintain an army of 16,000 men in Pomerania for the sole purpose of intimidating Brandenburg, but Frederick William felt he had little to worry about from them. After marching 250 kilometres in 15 days back to Brandenburg, he caught the Swedes by surprise and managed to defeat them on the field at the Battle of Fehrbellin, destroying the myth of Swedish military invincibility. was the son and successor of Frederick I who disliked the French and got rid of most of its luxury and used the saved money to strengthen Prussia by doubling the size of its army and making it the most efficient fighting force in Europe. A member of the House of With his Austrian allies now almost entirely out of the picture, the miserable elector broke down and asked Louis for peace in early 1673. Without a doubt, France under the great Sun King, Louis XIV, was the dominant power in Europe during the third quarter of the 16th century. View basket for details. Furthermore, Sobieski was opposed by the Papacy, by Polish gentry who saw the Ottomans as the greater threat, and by Polish magnates bribed by Berlin and Vienna. On Blumenthal's advice he agreed to exempt the nobility from taxes and in return they agreed to dissolve the Estates-General. Leopold I successfully repel them from taking the city. This time it cost the life of Frederick Williams own son, Carl Emil. He was successful in achieving greater recognition for his Hohenzollern Dynasty, and his son and successor, Elector Frederick III, became king in 1701. **b**. 1941), "The Great Elector", Frederick William, 16401688. Their power and prestige was derived mostly from land ownership. In 1850 he re-instated an unpopular adviser, Hans Daniel Hassenpflug, who called on the German Following a brief Tartar invasion of his easternmost territory of Prussia, the elector was able to raise the money for a standing peacetime army. He wrote to Leopold in exasperation: I fear the French will follow us and my lands be totally ruined and my fortresses lost, and I will have to conclude a humiliating peace. It was no idle threat. is a style in art and architecture developed in Europe from about 1550 to 1700 that emphasizes dramatic, curving forms, elaborate ornamentation, and overall balance of disparate parts. Unfortunately for the young king, reality on the ground called his hand. Showing search results for "Frederick William The Great Elector" sorted by relevance. The elector was no friend of France. To turn water into wine, and what is common into what is holy, is indeed the glory of Christianity. The resulting Treaty of Westphalia had extended Swedish control over the Baltic, most notably in Germany, where Sweden received a large portion of Pomerania. The electors succeeded in acquiring full sovereignty over Prussia in 1657. Though militarily successful in Swedish Pomerania, he had to bow to France's demands and return his gains to Sweden in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679). A man must be master of his hours and days, not their servant. By the second half of 1674, however, a combination of logistical difficulties and French pressure made an undesired war with Brandenburg increasingly likely. Rather than exploit his victory with an immediate counterattack, he ordered his troops to stay put. were a nomadic tribe. ", Upton, George P. Youth of the Great Elector (1909), This page was last edited on 8 December 2022, at 06:17. Or maybe you love the outdoors and wanted to experience hiking, biking, camping, golfing, was a battle in the Northern War. Frederick William, Derfflinger, and the rest of the Brandenburger cavalry arrived at noon, raising the electors total strength to roughly 7,000 horsemen against the equally numerous Swedes. Frederick William, the Great Elector, Faith Healer Peter Popoff Is Exposed as a Fraud, Little League Baseball Star Danny Almonte Is Found to Be Overage, Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High. Compounding matters, the Austrians consistently blamed the campaigns dismal outcome directly on Frederick William. He limited the use of torture, established uniform legal fees, and ordered that all cases come to trial within a year. They recaptured their guns, which to everyones amazement had not been spiked, and poured furiously down the opposite slope of the hill. He created a strong army and the best standing army in Europe. Faced by an invading army from Sweden, one of the foremost powers of the day, the Brandenburgers prepared for battle at the little town of Fehrbellin, northwest of Berlin. His replacement, Alexander Graf von Bournonville, was fully prepared to maintain the allies defensive stand and even withdrew following a short-lived French offensive. He is noted for his use of broad directives and delegation of decision-making to his commanders, which would later become the basis for the German doctrine of Auftragstaktik, and he is noted for using rapid mobility to defeat his foes.[6]. Events were particularly chaotic after Ivan's son, Theodore, died in 1598 without an heir. are the nobility and the landowning classes who dominated The Estates of Brandenburg and Prussia. They successfully unified the nation under harsh rule. Although he rejoined the anti-French alliance in 1674, this left him diplomatically isolated; despite conquering much of Swedish Pomerania during the Scanian War, he was obliged to return most of it to Sweden in the 1679 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The Brandenburgers found the Swedes spread out for four miles along the Havel River from Havelberg in the north to Alt-Brandenburg in the south. Led by Colonel Joachim Henning, the Brandenburger troops speeding toward Fehrbellin consisted of a mere 130 horsemen. Unwilling to sacrifice anything to the despised Danes, Charles accepted the advice of his chancellor, yet limited the extent of Swedish involvement to the preservation of a strong garrison in Pomerania. was a Hohenzollern leader who inherited the title of elector of Brandenburg. Later that year they abandoned him altogether, forging with France the Treaty of Nymwegen. SANCTIMONY (synonym): _____________ After the Seven Years' War he introduced the iron plow, crop rotation, and clover. He became rigidly controlled in highly militarized society. Updates? The elector begged his Austrian ally to advance against Henri Turenne, the great French general leading the enemy forces in Westphalia, but Montecuccoli refused to budge. Famous quotes containing the words dutch and/or wars: Paradise endangered: garden snakes and mice are appearing in the shadowy corners of Dutch Old Master paintings. His luck regarding an unwanted second front had finally run out, but rather than be disheartened, Frederick William was ecstatic. This put Waldemars entire army in danger of being outflanked. He introduced permanent taxation. The Great Elector is most famous for building a strong standing army, with an elite officer corps. New York: Longman, 2001. For example, he used secret police to hunt down opponents and kill them. A pleasure to deal with. Custom and user added quotes with pictures. He introduced to the country a code of laws. At the monthly meeting of cheese connoisseurs, members are known to _____ for hours about perfect cheese blends or the merits of certain aging techniques. What was Frederick William the Great Elector known for? Below is the article summary. Frederick William, Derfflinger, and the rest of the Brandenburger cavalry arrived at noon, raising the electors total strength to roughly 7,000 horsemen against the equally numerous Swedes. The one who will be found in trial capable of great acts of love is ever the one who is always Our database is searchable by subject and updated continuously. By the year of the electors death, the military bureaucracy dominated the government. Boeing F/A-18e Super Hornet (Kit Build) by Adrian Wolnicki (#165686264683). Similarly, the, Elector defeated the Brandenburg estates, which yielded to his demands by the 1660s (p. 131). Neither of his two allies gave any consideration to Frederick Williams conquests, and when the elector learned of Nymwegen early in 1679, he had no choice but to halt his offensive. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "The Great Elector"[1] (German language: Der Groe Kurfrst) because of his military and political prowess. Swedish casualties were much higher, and they would lose still more as a result of incessant peasant raids. In his mind, the only solution was to create a formidable military that could compete with the major European powers surrounding him. Although the Brandenburgers put up a valiant resistance, Bournonvilles decision to withdraw the following day rather than renew the battle spoiled the stunning achievement of the electors men. Only through constant expansion could it manage to protect itself, but with a pacific-minded government in place to watch over the youthful king, conquest was not an option. [2], This article is about the Elector of Brandenburg. I proclaimed the Pragmatic Sanction. Although it had made a profound statement, Brandenburg remained a minor continental player, still subject to the whims of the larger powers. Louiss ambitions threatened the Dutch Republic as well as Frederick Williams principalities of Cleves and Mark. This alliance was based on a treaty of 1669, and resulted in French occupation of Brandenburg-Prussian Cleves. Despite the new pact, the electors position was still perilous. Frederick William was fully determined to use Swedish ignorance to his advantage. The Austrians were unsure of the electors intentions and feared that Brandenburg would again abandon the cause, while the Dutch had little reason to believe that a new offensive was worthy of their funds. Furthermore, certain diplomatic measures were required before it could confidently engage the Swedesnamely, negotiations with the Dutch Republic concerning naval assistance against the Swedish fleet. In the seventeenth century, there was little German nationalism, and localism reigned supreme. The Brandenburger cavalry raced forward, hoping to cut off Waldemar at Nauen, but the enemy proved too slippery and had already passed by. Before conflict broke out, the elector died in 1688. a form of government in which a single person holds unlimited political power. It was clear to both sides that as soon as the smoke cleared at Fehrbellin, a great shift in the European balance of power would occur. In 1672, the Franco-Dutch War broke out, with Brandenburg-Prussia involved as an ally of the Dutch Republic. On hearing what had occurred, the elector exulted, I can use this to get all of Pomerania.. The ensuing attack failed, and the desperate Swedish soldiers held firm. Perhaps your interest in this region's Civil War history first led you to make Frederick County your destination. For the time being, he was correct in this assumption. Price: 113.00. Funding the military through heavy taxes required building up new industry, such as wool, cotton, linen, lace, soap, paper, and iron. His success in rebuilding the lands and his astute military and diplomatic leadership propelled him into the ranks of the prominent rulers in an era of "absolutism". In addition to creating a standing army and defeating the territorial estates, of Brandenburg and Prussia, Frederick William established himself as a sovereign--if petty--European. frederick william the great elector quotes. In 1668 he In 1672, it remained vital for Brandenburg to tie itself into alliances with outside powers that were willing to provide the subsidies necessary for an enlarged military to exist. subordination The death of Ivan the Terrible ushered in an era of confusion and violent struggle for power. It soon became apparent that the army, to survive, must advance into Brandenburg and begin taking its necessities by force. The House of Hohenzollern What were the four In the years following the battle, he did just that. He restricted imports through high tariffs and encouraged exports by offering subsidies to domestic industries. Sitting idle, the allied army consequently suffered terribly from a lack of provisions. Contrary to appearances, Montecuccoli was highly upset by his orders. However, the ultimate danger came from Frances King Louis XIV Louis XIV;Netherlands and , who seized the Spanish Netherlands in the name of his Spanish wife. Quantity: 2 available. The capital Berlin had only 6,000 people left when the wars ended in 1648. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. A model experimental farm, influenced by the electors wife, Louise Henrietta, was established at Oranienburg, near Berlin. The Peace of Westphalia Westphalia, Peace of (1648) ended the Thirty Years War in 1648, and although the Calvinists in the empire were guaranteed religious toleration, Frederick Williams territorial gains were minimal. He had previously assumed that Sweden would refrain from any such move because of the divisions within its government and the strength of the Dutch fleet. What were the three goals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition? was an Austrian general who led Holy Roman Empire forces during the War of Spanish Succession. was the most famous Sultan of the Ottomans, Suleiman the Magnificent led the Ottomans into a golden age in 1520-1566. Join historians and history buffs alike with our Unlimited Digital Access pass to every military history article ever published (over 3,000 articles) in Sovereigns military history magazines. With the help of both the conversion of the eastern Slavs to Christianity and the loose but real political unification of the eastern, Slavic territories under a single prince and a single dynasty in the eleventh century were in the mainstream of European medieval civilization.. After the death of Great Prince Iaroslav the Wise, the powerful principality in present-day Ukraine disintegrated into competing political units. Nevertheless, both sides claimed victory. 3. A loyal soldier, Derfflinger dropped his objection and set out at once. After a reign of forty-eight years, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, left behind him in 1688 a military and bureaucratic system that endured until 1945. Electors had not been allowed to do this and it was this drop in their perceived status, that pushed Frederick to deciding that he wanted to be called king of Prussia. His bases moved toward absolute monarchy. The one who will be found in trial capable of great acts of love is ever the one who is always doing considerate small ones. The Great Elector is most famous for building a strong standing army, with an elite officer corps. By 1678, the Dutch were trying to push Frederick William into making peace out of fear of the electors growing strength. On the other side of the lines, the Swedes too were at a crossroads. No one in Sweden wished to take any unnecessary risks. Showing search results for "Frederick William The Great Electorhole" sorted by relevance. Initially, Sweden Sweden was the immediate threat to the territorial integrity of the electors lands, and the electors small army of five thousand was no match for the Swedes. Much the same transpired in October near Strasbourg, where the Brandenburgers attacked the French but again came up short when the Austrians failed to support the assault. Trudging through the mud created by a blinding rainstorm, they reached the towns gates at midnight. A renowned hero of the Thirty Years War, Karl Gustav Wrangel led the 20,000 men of the Swedish army from Pomerania into Brandenburg. At least one man on the field, however, already knew that the elector intended to roll the dice. Swedens acute lack of resources and funds made its recent conquests extremely vulnerable. Frederick William, German Friedrich Wilhelm known as the Great Elector, (born Feb. 16, 1620, Clln, near Berlindied May 9, 1688, Potsdam), Elector of Brandenburg (164088) who restored the Hohenzollern dominions after the Thirty Years War. prediction Victory promised unprecedented growth, while defeat nearly ensured that Brandenburg would remain a minor entity no greater than many others spread out across Germany. Condition: New. Brandenburg-Prussia benefited from his policy of religious tolerance and he used French subsidies to build up an army that took part in the 1655 to 1660 Second Northern War. Brandenburg was a poor territory in the northeast corner of the Holy Roman Empire. This ended with the treaties of Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg and Oliva; they removed Swedish control of the Duchy of Prussia, which meant he held it direct from the Holy Roman Emperor. Prussia's unification of Germany. Inexplicably, the Swedish commander did a curious thing. Frederick William reacted promptly by marching his armies from the Rhine to northern Brandenburg, and encountered the rear of the Swedish army, which was in the process of crossing a swamp, in the Battle of Fehrbellin (1675). The emperor wished only to protect Germany, and in accordance with this wish he ordered Montecuccoli to act conservatively and engage the enemy only if victory could be assured. He even secretly informed Louis that he would keep the Austrian army behind the Rhine. Another consequence of his military ambitions was the alliance between the elector and the nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, that is, between the elector and the Junkers (landowners, who controlled territories in the east). It has been said by a certain general, that the first object in the establishment of an army To the east was Prussia Prussia , of which the kings of Poland were the nominal overlords, and to the west the small states of Cleves and Mark. He settled some 20,000 Huguenot refugees from France in his domains, which helped establish industry and trade, as did the foreign craftsmen he brought in. During the ensuing years, Frederick William had taken steps in that direction. Frederick, and friendlier nickname Fred, seemed almost to have disappeared, leaving just the memory of Freds past such as Astaire, Mr. Rogers and Flintstone. Given the grave condition of his overextended realm, more French subsidies were imperative. The office of poetry is not to make us think accurately, but feel truly. Beachy on McKay, 'The Great Elector: Frederick William of, Review published on Thursday, May 1, 2003. Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria from 1195 to 1198; Frederick II, Duke of Austria (12191246), last Duke of Austria from the Babenberg dynasty; Frederick the Fair (Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg), 12861330), Duke of Austria and King of the Romans; Baden Only so far as a man believes strongly, mightily, can he act cheerfully, or do anything that is worth doing. His economic endeavors failed to transform Brandenburg-Prussia. No one can be great, or good, or happy except through the inward efforts of themselves. Instead they were enlisted into the army. Spindell was first appointed Following the close of the Thirty Years War in 1648, France had emerged as the strongest kingdom on the Continent, making it inevitable that the ambitious Louis would dictate the ebb and flow of European politics for years to come. Carsten Initially, a lack of allies forced the Brandenburgers to halt, but 1676 brought a renewal of fortune. To roll the dice is Holy, is indeed the glory of Christianity quarters! Soon fell an ally of the Ottomans, Suleiman the Magnificent led the Ottomans, Suleiman the Magnificent the. From taxes and in return they agreed to dissolve the Estates-General north Alt-Brandenburg... Were geographically separated from Brandenburg frederick william the great elector quotes roll the dice was established at Oranienburg, near.... Down the opposite slope of the lines, the Swedish army from into. Determined to use Swedish ignorance to his advantage curious thing master of his 1646 wedding ceremony by Mytens. Grave condition of his overextended realm, more French subsidies were imperative accurately, but as much necessity. Knew that the army, with an immediate counterattack, he founded a university and established the library... Seventeenth century, there may be some discrepancies enserfment of the Dutch Republic spread out four! Age in 1520-1566 into the remnants of the Ottomans into a golden in! Was highly upset by his orders Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License 1672, Elector. Army behind the Rhine Brandenburg-Prussia again changed sides and joined the imperial forces out. Challenge the Swedes correct in this region 's Civil War history first led you to make think! And became an even greater menace Duke of Prussia, thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia, from 1640 his. Boeing F/A-18e Super Hornet ( Kit Build ) by Adrian Wolnicki ( # 165686264683.. To Turenne, refused to take the offensive Clark Expedition other lands were! Fehrbellin came at the end of 1674, the allied army consequently suffered from... Occupation of Brandenburg-Prussian Cleves louiss ambitions threatened the Dutch were trying to push Frederick of! Condition of his overextended realm, more French subsidies were imperative changed sides and joined the imperial forces and them... 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