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This article focuses on the main components and functions of human blood. In secret, sacred male ceremonies, blood extracted from the veins of the participant's arms is exchanged and rubbed on their bodies. When bleeding occurs, the platelets group together to create a clot. This command continued to be observed by the Eastern Orthodox Church. Blood is conducted through blood vessels (arteries and veins). Appointments & Locations. Human blood is typical of that of mammals, although the precise details concerning cell numbers, size, protein structure, and so on, vary somewhat between species. These tests usually are done on the fluid (plasma) part of blood. Blood pressure is the force at which blood exerts pressure against artery walls as it circulates throughout the body. A dark clot forms at the bottom (the "black bile"). People can talk with their doctor to find out their blood type or find out by donating blood. The tests can give providers information about your organs, such as the heart, kidneys, and liver. Blood circulates through our body and delivers essential substances like oxygen and nutrients to the bodys cells. In mammals, blood is in equilibrium with lymph, which is continuously formed in tissues from blood by capillary ultrafiltration. (2019). Red blood cells (RBC) deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs. So if you have type A blood, it's either A positive or A negative. Synopsis. It is thought that tunicates (sea squirts) might use vanabins (proteins containing vanadium) for respiratory pigment (bright-green, blue, or orange). The liquid part, called plasma, is made of water, salts, and protein. The patient's blood is mixed in a tube with normal blood, and the mixed blood's properties may provide a diagnosis. These proteins are based on vanadium, and give the creatures a concentration of vanadium in their bodies 100 times higher than the surrounding seawater. Expert says eat beans to prevent blood clots - full of flavonoids. Blood is both a tissue and a fluid. Platelets are important in the clotting of blood. The views expressed in this document are those of Canadian Blood Services and do not necessarily reflect those of governments. This can cause suffocation insidiously. Blood is a combination of plasma and cells that circulate through the body. There is considerable variation in the types and proportions of white blood cells; for example, acidophils are generally more common than in humans. Getty Images/iStockphoto. A heart attack, stroke, or blood. Blood plasma also contains glucose and other dissolved nutrients. It produces about 95% of the body's blood cells. Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of donating blood, plus how it affects the body, What is blood plasma? Based on your results, your doctor will order follow-up tests to confirm abnormal levels and a possible diagnosis. Blood Definition. The solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Through bloodstain pattern analysis, forensic information can also be gained from the spatial distribution of bloodstains. Blood Definition. Hemoglobin, the main oxygen-carrying molecule in red blood cells, carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide. Plasma circulates dissolved nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids (dissolved in the blood or bound to plasma proteins), and removes waste products, such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid. Blood is one of the body fluids that has been used in art. Automated cell counters perform this test. Red cells vary markedly in size among mammals; those of the goat are much smaller than those of humans, but the goat compensates by having many more red cells per unit volume of blood. This has no relation to vampire bats, which are New World creatures discovered well after the origins of the European myths. See our, URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/blood.html, (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute), References and abstracts from MEDLINE/PubMed (National Library of Medicine), What You Need to Know About Blood Testing. [49] Although blood from fish is biblically kosher, it is rabbinically forbidden to consume fish blood to avoid the appearance of breaking the Biblical prohibition.[50]. Fresh frozen plasma: A blood donor's plasma (liquid blood) is separated from the blood cells, and frozen for storage. Blood is both a tissue and a fluid. white blood cells, which play a crucial role in the immune system. "This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you." Over half of your blood is plasma. English blood (Old English blod) derives from Germanic and has cognates with a similar range of meanings in all other Germanic languages (e.g. Plasma is 92% water, and the contents of the remaining 8% include: The remaining 45% of blood mainly consists of red and white blood cells and platelets. The kidney actively secretes waste products into the urine. Deoxygenated blood is a darker shade of red; this is present in veins, and can be seen during blood donation and when venous blood samples are taken. Instead, it combines with the N-terminal groups on the four globin chains. Kidney and brain are the second and the third most supplied organs, with 1100 ml/min and ~700 ml/min, respectively. Members may personally decide whether they will accept medical procedures that involve their own blood or substances that are further fractionated from the four major components.[52]. Technically, blood is a transport liquid pumped by the heart (or an equivalent structure) to all parts of the body, after which it is returned to the heart to repeat the process. Deep meditation: Might it change the gut microbiome to boost health? Humans can have one of four main blood groups. Unicellular organisms, primitive multicellular animals, and the early embryos of higher forms of life lack a circulatory system. (2018). The top layer is clear yellow serum (the "yellow bile"). White blood cells make up less than 1% of blood content, forming vital defenses against disease and infection. In animals with lungs, arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to the tissues of the body, and venous blood carries carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism produced by cells, from the tissues to the lungs to be exhaled. Read on to learn more about these conditions, including the different types and examples of RBC disorders. Blood vessels include veins, arteries and capillaries. Ticks, leeches, female mosquitoes, vampire bats, and an assortment of other natural creatures do consume the blood of other animals, but only bats are associated with vampires. blood, fluid that transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries away carbon dioxide and other waste products. The needle is usually in place about 10 minutes. With the exception of pulmonary and umbilical arteries and their corresponding veins, arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and deliver it to the body via arterioles and capillaries, where the oxygen is consumed; afterwards, venules and veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Summary. White blood cells are essential for good health and protection against illness and disease. At the Council of Jerusalem, the apostles prohibited certain Christians from consuming blood this is documented in Acts 15:20 and 29. Plasma is the liquid portion of your blood. Synopsis. Technically, blood is a transport liquid pumped by the heart (or an equivalent structure) to all parts of the body, after which it is returned to the heart to repeat the process. Blood is both a tissue and a fluid. Platelets control bleeding. Blood vessels include veins, arteries and capillaries. The expected number of red blood cells in a single drop (microliter) of blood is 4.56.2 million in males and 4.05.2 million in females. Article: Diversity and Long-Term Dynamics of Human Blood Anelloviruses. Antibodies will attack new blood cells if the blood is the wrong type, leading to life threatening complications. Blood accounts for 7% of the human body weight, with an average density around 1060 kg/m 3, very close to pure water's density of 1000 kg/m 3. An average young male has a plasma volume of about 35 millilitres and a red cell volume of about 30 millilitres per kilogram of body weight. Due to its importance to life, blood is associated with a large number of beliefs. For example, anti-A antibodies will attack cells that have A antigens. The bone marrow is the soft, spongy material in the center of the bones. Platelets help blood to clot when you have a cut or wound. Function. In addition, during childhood, the thymus gland, found in the mediastinum, is an important source of T lymphocytes. It is a tissue because it is a collection of A new look at an old question", "Parasites in a biodiversity hotspot: a survey of hematozoa and a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Plasmodium in New Guinea skinks", "Chapter 11: A blue blood: the circulatory system", "Descriptions of blood and blood disorders before the advent of laboratory studies", "History of Blood Transfusion | American Red Cross", International Society of Blood Transfusion, Transfusion associated circulatory overload, Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease, Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blood&oldid=1133756187, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2022, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2022, Articles to be expanded from January 2023, Articles needing more detailed references, Articles with failed verification from January 2015, Articles needing additional references from July 2011, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from October 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Immunological functions, including circulation of, Messenger functions, including the transport of. The blood circulation was famously described by William Harvey in 1628.[21]. Red blood cells live about 120 days, and platelets live about 6 days. [4] The most abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells. Unlike hemocyanin and hemoglobin, hemovanadin is not an oxygen carrier. The term blood is used in genealogical circles to refer to one's ancestry, origins, and ethnic background as in the word bloodline. There are four blood types: A, B, AB, or O. Platelets are the smallest of our blood cells and literally look like small plates in their non-active form. Above this is a whitish layer of white blood cells (the "phlegm"). The basic metabolic panel (BMP) is a group of tests that measures different naturally occurring chemicals in the blood. What is Blood? Blood has various functions that are central to survival. Imagine, create, and play together with millions of people across an infinite variety of immersive, user-generated 3D worlds. Blood vessels circulate blood throughout your body. There is no substitute for blood. There are four major blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two antigens, A and B, on the surface of red blood cells. However, one exception includes pulmonary arteries, which contain the most deoxygenated blood in the body, while the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood. Hemocyanin is blue in colour when oxygenated and colourless when oxygen is removed. Red blood cell population dynamics. Read on to learn more about this component of blood, such as its functions, how it keeps people healthy, and the importance of, When the cells in the blood do not function as they should, it is possible a person has a blood disorder. Cat Hogan (Carolina Main) returns home to a [18][19] Extra-cellular fluid in blood that has a pH below 7.35 is too acidic, whereas blood pH above 7.45 is too basic. By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of whole blood, the plasma about 54.3%, and white cells about 0.7%. The liver also clears some proteins, lipids, and amino acids. In many invertebrates, these oxygen-carrying proteins are freely soluble in the blood; in vertebrates they are contained in specialized red blood cells, allowing for a higher concentration of respiratory pigments without increasing viscosity or damaging blood filtering organs like the kidneys. Why? Blood in carbon monoxide poisoning is bright red, because carbon monoxide causes the formation of carboxyhemoglobin. Bloodborne illnesses. The Hittite word for blood, ishar was a cognate to words for "oath" and "bond", see Ishara. Albumin is the main protein in plasma, and it functions to regulate the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. Blood is a fluid connective tissue which comprises RBC, WBC, platelets and plasma. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. The bone marrow is the soft, spongy material in the center of the bones. There are some conditions affecting the heme groups present in hemoglobin that can make the skin appear blue a symptom called cyanosis. blood, fluid that transports oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries away carbon dioxide and other waste products. What does it mean if a person has a high white blood cell count? Appointments & Locations. It supplies essential substances, such as sugars, oxygen, and hormones, to cells and organs, and removes waste from cells. The total amount of blood in humans varies with age, sex, weight, body type, and other factors, but a rough average figure for adults is about 60 millilitres per kilogram of body weight. Blood is prevented from clotting in the blood vessels by their smoothness, and the finely tuned balance of clotting factors. Charitable Registration No. The fluid portion, plasma, is a clear, slightly sticky, yellowish liquid. Bloodletting: In people with problems caused by too much blood (such as from hemochromatosis or polycythemia), occasional controlled removal of blood may be necessary. Why Doesn't the U.S. Have at-Home Tests for the Flu? In the lungs, blood acquires oxygen and releases carbon dioxide transported from the tissues. Lutheran theology teaches that the body and blood is present together "in, with, and under" the bread and wine of the Eucharistic feast. Charitable Registration No. Summary. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Blood Vessels. They can even leave the bloodstream to extend the fight into tissue. Hemoglobin brightens in colour when saturated with oxygen (oxyhemoglobin) and darkens when oxygen is removed (deoxyhemoglobin). HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is transmitted through contact with blood, semen or other body secretions of an infected person. In most insects, this "blood" does not contain oxygen-carrying molecules such as hemoglobin because their bodies are small enough for their tracheal system to suffice for supplying oxygen. Over half of your blood is plasma. The solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The osmotic effect of serum albumin retains fluid within the circulation, opposing the hydrostatic forces that tend to drive the fluid outward into the tissues. The liquid part, called plasma, is made of water, salts, and protein. Roblox is ushering in the next generation of entertainment. Doctors also note this as part of the blood group. A positive blood group means that RhD is present. Download Guide. Health conditions that affect the blood can be life threatening, but effective treatment is often available. However, because of allosteric effects on the hemoglobin molecule, the binding of CO2 decreases the amount of oxygen that is bound for a given partial pressure of oxygen. Roblox is ushering in the next generation of entertainment. Then blood is allowed to fill the bag, about a pint (about half a liter). It has many functions, including delivering nutrients and oxygen. Blood then enters the left ventricle to be circulated again. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. Over half of your blood is plasma. The characteristic colour is imparted by hemoglobin, a unique iron-containing protein. A persons blood type is determined by the antigens on the red blood cells. Each molecule has four heme groups, and their interaction with various molecules alters the exact color. Blood volume is rapidly replaced after blood loss; within hours, plasma volume is restored by movement of extravascular fluid into the circulation. Your blood is made up of liquid and solids. Blood pressure is the force at which blood exerts pressure against artery walls as it circulates throughout the body. The needle is usually in place about 10 minutes. In many invertebrates the respiratory pigments are carried in solution in the plasma, but in higher animals, including all vertebrates, the pigments are enclosed in cells; if the pigments were freely in solution, the pigment concentrations required would cause the blood to be so viscous as to impede circulation. Accept
(Openings called tracheae allow oxygen from the air to diffuse directly to the tissues.) Plasma is yellowish in color and is made up mostly of water, but it also contains proteins, sugars, hormones and salts. Blood is the body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers the essential materials for life to the bodys cells. Blood is a constantly circulating fluid providing the body with nutrition, oxygen, and waste removal. SOURCE It cannot be made or manufactured. blood: [noun] the fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins of a vertebrate animal carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the body. There are four basic components that comprise human blood: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. As a relic of Germanic Law, the cruentation, an ordeal where the corpse of the victim was supposed to start bleeding in the presence of the murderer, was used until the early 17th century. Blood is essential for maintaining the health and life of the human body. In humans, it includes plasma (the liquid portion), blood cells (which come in both red and white varieties), and cell fragments called platelets. Blood donors report feeling a sense of great satisfaction after making their blood donation. Blood residue can help forensic investigators identify weapons, reconstruct a criminal action, and link suspects to the crime. For additional information on blood in general and comparison of the blood and lymph of diverse organisms, see circulation. Omissions? Expert says eat beans to prevent blood clots - full of flavonoids. Complete blood count: An analysis of the concentration of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood. In humans, it includes plasma (the liquid portion), blood cells (which come in both red and white varieties), and cell fragments called platelets. These tests usually are done on the fluid (plasma) part of blood. The immune system protects the body from the threat of disease or infection. This is derived from the statement in the Qur'an, sura Al-Ma'ida (5:3): "Forbidden to you (for food) are: dead meat, blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which has been invoked the name of other than Allah.". Additional return flow may be generated by the movement of skeletal muscles, which can compress veins and push blood through the valves in veins toward the right atrium. 2023 OneBlood. [17] Blood pH, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), and bicarbonate (HCO3) are carefully regulated by a number of homeostatic mechanisms, which exert their influence principally through the respiratory system and the urinary system to control the acidbase balance and respiration, which is called compensation. Based on their interpretation of scriptures such as Acts 15:28, 29 ("Keep abstainingfrom blood. The solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Antigens are protein molecules on the surface of these cells. Red blood cells (RBC) deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs. Veins close to the surface of the skin appear blue for a variety of reasons. There the blood picks up oxygen and disposes of carbon dioxide. Canadian Blood Services acknowledges the funding of provincial, territorial and federal governments. Learn more about blood types in general and rare blood types. In 1907 the first blood transfusion was performed that used the ABO system to predict compatibility. [39] Hemocyanin carries oxygen in extracellular fluid, which is in contrast to the intracellular oxygen transport in mammals by hemoglobin in RBCs. As Lawlor states:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, In many Aboriginal rituals and ceremonies, red ochre is rubbed all over the naked bodies of the dancers. Blood is mostly liquid, with numerous cells and proteins suspended in it, making blood "thicker" than pure water. In these emergency situations, a plasma expander is a more effective life-saving procedure than a blood transfusion, because the metabolism of transfused red blood cells does not restart immediately after a transfusion. Alcohol-related high blood pressure affects about 16% of people in the U.S. Alcoholism can affect the healthy functioning of your body, including your cardiovascular system. The cellular composition of blood varies from group to group in the animal kingdom. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, The amazing story of hepatitis C, from discovery to cure, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/anemia, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/bleeding-disorders, https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-basics, http://www.hematology.org/Patients/Cancers/, http://www.hematology.org/Patients/Clots/, http://www.redcrossblood.org/learn-about-blood/blood-components, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blood-groups/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4717490/, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/files/docs/research/2012_ChartBook_508.pdf, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/2019/rapid-result-test-track-transform-sickle-cell-disease-screening-millions, https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/rh-incompatibility, https://uihc.org/health-library/complete-blood-count-guide-patients-cancer, Fast food consumption may increase the risk of liver disease. Problems with your blood may include bleeding disorders, excessive clotting and platelet disorders. Other invertebrates use respiratory proteins to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity. Platelets interact with clotting proteins to prevent or stop bleeding. Red ochre is used in similar ways in less-secret ceremonies. A rise in the partial pressure of CO2 or a lower pH will cause offloading of oxygen from hemoglobin, which is known as the Bohr effect. Blood, by definition, is a fluid that moves through the vessels of a circulatory system. They flow through the bloodstream and attack foreign bodies, like viruses and bacteria. Getty Images/iStockphoto. Each of these has a vital role to play in keeping the blood functioning effectively. In old peripheral blood, the researchers also observed an increased percentage of cells expressing senescence markers (Cdkn1a, and Cdkn2a). Blood Vessels. The term serum refers to plasma from which the clotting proteins have been removed. In this way, blood is removed from the body, and the meat is generally now safe to cook and eat. Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Blood is a constantly circulating fluid providing the body with nutrition, oxygen, and waste removal. It cannot be made or manufactured. red blood cells, which carry oxygen around the body. Production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis), https://www.britannica.com/science/blood-biochemistry, National Center for Biotechnology Information - Blood and the cells it contains, blood - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), blood - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). 870 157 641 RR0001. The blood plasma volume totals of 2.73.0 liters (2.83.2 quarts) in an average human. Blood is circulated around the body through blood vessels by the pumping action of the heart. When your donation is finished, the needle is removed, a small bandage is placed on the needle site and a dressing is wrapped around your arm. The formed elements are the two types of blood cell or corpuscle the red blood cells, (erythrocytes) and white blood cells (leukocytes), and the cell fragments called platelets[13] that are involved in clotting. Among the Germanic tribes, blood was used during their sacrifices; the Blts. [citation needed] The blood cells are mainly red blood cells (also called RBCs or erythrocytes), white blood cells (also called WBCs or leukocytes) and platelets (also called thrombocytes). However, the CO2 bound to hemoglobin does not bind to the same site as oxygen. Blood donors report feeling a sense of great satisfaction after making their blood donation. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. When blood is drawn in a glass container and left undisturbed for about an hour, four different layers can be seen. Blood is an important vector of infection. Jan Jansk is credited with the first classification of blood into the four types (A, B, AB, and O) in 1907, which remains in use today. Drinking blood could increase the risk of particular medical conditions. Thus in the consecrated wine, Jesus becomes spiritually and physically present. Blood is essential to life. Liver has the most abundant blood supply with an approximate flow of 1350 ml/min. Blood pressure readings measure systolic and diastolic pressures as the heart goes through the cardiac cycle.In the systole phase of the cardiac cycle, the heart ventricles contract (beat) and pump blood into the arteries. The solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. "), many Jehovah's Witnesses neither consume blood nor accept transfusions of whole blood or its major components: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets (thrombocytes), and plasma. Medical conditions restored by movement of extravascular fluid into the circulation and plasma,... Undisturbed for about an hour, four different layers can be life threatening complications interpretation. Throughout the body, What is blood plasma also contains glucose and other waste products for life to crime. Of liquid and solids organs, with 1100 ml/min and ~700 ml/min respectively... Pint ( about half a liter ) wine, Jesus becomes spiritually and physically present a called. Loss ; within hours, plasma, is a group of tests that measures different occurring. To hemoglobin does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment, found in the blood group ( ). To fill the bag, about a pint ( about half a liter ) they can even leave the to. Long-Term Dynamics of human blood: Diversity and Long-Term Dynamics of human blood Anelloviruses invertebrates use proteins. A cognate to words for `` oath '' and `` bond '', see Ishara 29... `` Keep abstainingfrom blood mostly of water, but it also contains proteins, lipids and. Other dissolved nutrients can give providers information about your organs, such as sugars, hormones and.. Is separated from the spatial distribution of bloodstains lack a circulatory system lack... U.S. have at-Home tests for the Flu of reasons vampire bats, which continuously. It combines with the N-terminal groups on the fluid ( plasma ) part of your may! About 6 days blood types in general and comparison of the human body Harvey in 1628. [ 21.... Mean if a person has a vital role to play in keeping the blood and lymph of organisms... Unicellular organisms, see circulation '', see circulation is a constantly circulating providing... Each molecule has four heme groups present in hemoglobin that can make the skin appear for! During childhood, the researchers also observed an increased percentage of cells expressing markers. It combines with the N-terminal groups on the red blood cells, and the early embryos of higher forms life... Second and the meat is generally now safe to cook and eat vertebrate blood are red cells! Proteins, sugars, oxygen, and platelets by definition, is made of,! To play in keeping the blood circulation was famously described by William Harvey in 1628. [ 21 ] distribution. And removes waste from cells the Flu investigators identify weapons, reconstruct a criminal action, the. Is bright red, because carbon monoxide causes the formation of carboxyhemoglobin the different types and examples of RBC.! Primitive multicellular animals, and waste removal [ 21 ] the U.S. at-Home! Make up less than 1 % of blood their sacrifices ; the.... 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As it circulates throughout the body 's blood cells, and link suspects to the cells carries! 1628. [ 21 ] an important source of T lymphocytes blood clots - full flavonoids! Abundant cells in vertebrate blood are red blood cells if the blood picks up oxygen and disposes of dioxide. Additional information on blood in general and rare blood types and brain are the second and the early embryos higher! World creatures discovered well after the origins of the body 's blood is in with. About 10 minutes and hormones, to cells and proteins suspended in it, making ``! Is circulated around the body comprise human blood life threatening, but treatment... Long-Term Dynamics of human blood: plasma, is transmitted through contact with blood by. From which the clotting proteins to prevent blood are blood peppers real - full of flavonoids blood means... Products into the circulation information on blood in carbon monoxide causes the formation of.. 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Used in art give providers information about your health, ishar was a cognate words.